An excerpt is selected from the post to highlight the keywords in context, and subsequent edits to the answer mean that the snippets chosen are now different and the problem is not reproduced. Basically the keyword "shell" was added earlier in the post, and so the text around that addition is chosen in preference. After a bit of trial and error I've found a different search which reproduces the problem: user:166972 exec. The relevant source from the search result page is
<div class="excerpt">
base64 >/dev/null 2>&1 && base64 -d
}
};
case "\$SHELL" in
*/bash*)
eval \$(printf '%s' "$_XSSH_BASH" | base64_decode)
;;
*)
test -x "\$SHELL" && <span class="result-highlight">exec</span> "\$SHELL" -il || <span class="result-highlight">exec</span> …
</div>
After MathJax processing this is rendered as
<div class="excerpt">
base64 >/dev/null 2>&1 && base64 -d
}
};
case "<span class="MathJax_Preview" style="color: inherit; display: none;"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" tabindex="0" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>H</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>L</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>&quot;</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2217;</mo><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mo>/</mo></mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&#x2217;</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi></math>" role="presentation" style="position: relative;"><nobr aria-hidden="true"><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1" style="width: 14.643em; display: inline-block;"><span style="display: inline-block; position: relative; width: 11.79em; height: 0px; font-size: 124%;"><span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1.43em, 1011.73em, 2.795em, -999.997em); top: -2.354em; left: 0em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-3" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">S<span style="display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.065em;"></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-4" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">H<span style="display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.065em;"></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-5" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">E<span style="display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; height: 1px; width: 0.003em;"></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-6" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">L</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-7" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">L</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-8" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.251em;">"</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-9" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic; padding-left: 0.251em;">i</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-10" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">n</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-11" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.251em;">∗</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-12" style="padding-left: 0.251em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-13"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-14" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">/</span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-15" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">b</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-16" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">a</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-17" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">s</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-18" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">h</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-19" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">∗</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-20" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-21" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">e</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-22" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">v</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-23" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">a</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-24" style="font-family: MathJax_Math-italic;">l</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 0px; height: 2.36em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.381em; border-left: 0px solid; width: 0px; height: 1.388em;"></span></span></nobr><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>H</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>L</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>"</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>∗</mo><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mo>/</mo></mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>∗</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi></math></span></span><script type="math/tex" id="MathJax-Element-1">SHELL" in
*/bash*)
eval </script>(printf '%s' "$_XSSH_BASH" | base64_decode)
;;
*)
test -x "\$SHELL" && <span class="result-highlight">exec</span> "\$SHELL" -il || <span class="result-highlight">exec</span> …
</div>
You can see two \$
which in the full answer are inside a code block but in the excerpt are not: this is what triggers the undesired MathJax processing. I find it curious that the later pair of \$
doesn't also trigger it: perhaps this is due to the intervening result-highlight
span.
Screenshot:

shell
is mentioned. We need an answer/question that contains\$
in its code in the first few bytes to check whether the tags are important. \$\endgroup\$<span class="tex2jax_ignore">
(not<code>
) again. Code blocks usually get ellipsed on tag searches, so I'm not sure a) why they're shown in sineemore's query, and b) why sineemore's query shows content from the middle. \$\endgroup\$[shell]
it shows up correctly, but if you add the user parameter, that is when it shows incorrectly \$\endgroup\$